stephen decatur became a hero for

[104] Decatur's first home in Washington was 1903 Pennsylvania Avenue (one of the "Seven Buildings"), purchased in 1817. While commissioned there he received a letter from the residing British consul to turn over three deserters from the British ship Melampus who had enlisted in the American Navy through Lieutenant Arthur Sinclair, who was recruiting crew members for Chesapeake, which was at this time in Washington being outfitted for its coming voyage to the Mediterranean. Did President Abraham Lincoln actually sleep in the Lincoln bedroom? Wounded, he soon recovered and was on his feet in command again. This portrait shows Decatur in his Naval uniform. The next day Hardy gave answer to Decatur's proposal and agreed to have Statira engage Macedonian "as they are sister ships, carrying the same number of guns, and weight of metal." His squadron arrived at Gibraltar on June 14. In a letter to the Navy Secretary, dated December 20, Decatur charged that traitors in the New London area were in collusion with the British to capture United States, Hornet and Macedonian. Susan was once pursued by Vice President Aaron Burr and Jérôme Bonaparte, brother to Napoleon, both of whom she turned down. Stephen Decatur, the commander of the victorious American vessel, became a national hero; he and his crew collected $200,000 in prize money from Congress. Barron's shot hit Decatur in the pelvic area, severing arteries. Decatur sailed his squadron to the Mediterranean in May 1815 and, in an early example of “gunboat diplomacy,” persuaded Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli to sign treaties of peace. At Naples, Decatur was praised and dubbed "Terror of the Foe" by the local media. [25] Construction of the six new American frigates was progressing slowly when, because of a peace accord with Algiers in March 1796, work was halted. When war with Britain was declared two years later, United States sailed to join Commodore John Rodgers' squadron at New York. Found inside – Page 148Philadelphia had become stranded in a low tide and its crew of 250 was taken ... The Life of Commodore Stephen Decatur, USN, by James Ter- tius de Kay. The frigate had just been commissioned and was outfitted and supplied for service at sea. Finally on June 18, 1812, the United States declared war on Great Britain. Decatur and his crew were outnumbered 5 to 1 but were organized and kept their form, fighting furiously side by side. The historic district is said to contain buildings of every architectural style from the Civil War to the Depression eras. Commodore Decatur, who won a sword from Congress and a captaincy when he was only 25, was one of the most daring officers in the United States Navy during its early . [76][77] Midshipman Brown, who was next in command after James, managed to break away from the ambushing vessel and immediately approached Decatur's gunboat bringing the news of his brother's fatal injury. 9, p. 689. [69][70], Preble divided his gunboats into two divisions, putting Decatur in command of the second division. Hickman, Kennedy. "[143] Soon Majestic caught up with the British fleet. Taking possession of Macedonian, Decatur found that his guns had inflicted 104 casualties, while United States had only suffered 12. Upon arrival at his home, Decatur was taken into the front room just left of the front entrance, still conscious. Esteemed for his virtue, honored for his valor.". Found insideBy 1781, Barbary Coast Piracy began to impact America. ... It was during those wars Stephen Decatur became America's first international war hero when he ... To avoid making known the presence of an American squadron, Decatur did not enter the ports but instead dispatched a messenger in a small boat to communicate with the consuls. Opening of Japan: Commodore Matthew C. Perry, War of 1812: Success on Lake Erie, Failure Elsewhere, Not Only About Impressment: Causes of the War of 1812, American Revolution: Commodore John Paul Jones, Spanish-American War: Commodore George Dewey, American Civil War: Battle of Hampton Roads, M.S., Information and Library Science, Drexel University, B.A., History and Political Science, Pennsylvania State University. His elegant townhouse, built in such close proximity to the White House, symbolized Decatur’s vision of not only his own social and professional advancement, but a vision of the city’s future prosperity as the capital of a growing nation. Mitchell then proposed that the community be named for Stephen Decatur, a hero of the War of 1812, who had relatives in the area. [146] On February 26, Decatur arrived in New York City, where he convalesced in a boarding house. In President Theodore Roosevelt 's description of the capture of the HMS Macedonian by the USS United States in his 1882 book The Naval War of 1812, the . Allison offers a well-researched, well-balanced account of Decatur s role in shaping a U.S. national identity. At the university, Decatur met and became friends with Charles Stewart and Richard Somers, who would later become naval officers themselves. [128], Rodgers' squadron again sailed on October 8, 1812, this time from Boston, Massachusetts. The senior naval officer at the prison took the earliest opportunity to parole Decatur to New London, and on February 8, with news of the cessation of hostilities, Decatur traveled aboard HMS Narcissus (32), landing in New London on February 21. https://www.thoughtco.com/war-of-1812-commodore-stephen-decatur-3866966 (accessed September 17, 2021). After running aground and damaging the ship's hull leaving New York, Decatur elected to return to port for repairs. [152] Shaler was in possession of a letter authorizing them to negotiate terms of peace with the Algerian government. 230. Upon his arrival Decatur boasted to the Secretary of the Navy that the settlement had "been dictated at the mouths of our cannon. The site of the county seat was chosen in June, 1822 and named, Greensburg by Thomas Hendricks wife, for her home in Pennsylvania. Just exactly when Methodism came to Decatur, no one knows. Kennedy Hickman is a historian, museum director, and curator who specializes in military and naval history. Decatur became a Methodist preaching place on the Franklin or Lawrence Circuit in the early 1820's. Even though the two were originally friends, Decatur sat on a court martial that suspended Barron from the Navy for five years in 1808. He was born on the eastern shore of Maryland in Worcester County, the son of a U.S. naval officer who served during the American Revolution. In excruciating pain, Decatur was carefully lifted by the surgeons and placed in Rodgers' carriage and was carried back to his home on Lafayette Square. For several months after their marriage the couple resided with Susan's parents in Norfolk, after which Stephen received orders sending him to Newport to supervise the building of gunboats. Decatur House is now a museum that exhibits a large collection of Decatur memorabilia and is managed by the National Trust for Historic Preservation. However, the British had established a strict blockade in the squadron's port of New York, therefore restricting any cruises. Despite its shortcomings, the American Navy used resourcefulness and innovation to deliver victories against the British. [12] His parents had arrived from Philadelphia just three months before Stephen was born, having to flee that city during the American Revolution because of the British occupation. On the night of February 16, Decatur led a small assault force disguised as Maltese sailors from the ketch Intrepid and moored next to the Philadelphia. When the Philadelphia ran aground on a reef off Tripoli Harbor on 31 October 1803, with Capt. "One of the central figures to emerge from the early national period, Stephen Decatur became a larger-than-life naval hero in his own time. They later returned to the same residence they had once left in Philadelphia[13] and Decatur grew up there, eventually graduating from the Episcopal Academy. [150], Two squadrons were then assembled, one at New York, under the command of Stephen Decatur, and one at Boston, under the command of Commodore William Bainbridge. Upon hearing the news of their victory in Tripoli, Pope Pius VII publicly declared that "the United States, though in their infancy, had done more to humble and humiliate the anti-Christian barbarians on the African coast in one night than all the European states had done for a long period of time. Stephen Decatur became a national hero in the United States and he was promoted to captain. While the ship was berthed there, Commodore Barry received orders to prepare for a voyage to transport two U.S. envoys to Spain and on December 3 sailed on United States for Lisbon via England. After completing this mission the ship was taken to Norfolk, Virginia, for minor repairs and then set sail for Newport, Rhode Island, arriving on September 12. Unable to escape due the damaged condition of his ship, Decatur prepared for battle. The duel was to take place at nine o'clock in the morning on March 22, at Bladensburg Dueling Grounds, near Washington, at a distance of only eight paces. [75] However, success and promotion were overshadowed by an unfortunate turn of events for Decatur. The honor and courage of both duelists having been satisfied, the matter was resolved without a fatality. House. Found insideProvides the final report of the 9/11 Commission detailing their findings on the September 11 terrorist attacks. The matter was then referred to the British minister at Washington, a Mr. Erskine, who in turn referred the matter to the Navy Department through Commodore Barron, demanding that the three deserters be surrendered to British authority. They were both trying to the other country from trading with the United States. War of 1812: Commodore Stephen Decatur. [149] Madison had chosen Benjamin Williams Crowninshield as the new Secretary of the Navy, replacing William Jones. [7], Decatur's career came to an early end when he was killed in a duel with Commodore James Barron. Postal authorities agreed to that suggestion, and the name became official in 1883. He was born on the eastern shore of Maryland in Worcester County, the son of a U.S. naval officer who served during the American Revolution. It was later moved to Philadelphia, where he was buried at St. Peter's Churchyard in 1846, alongside his mother and father. There they lived affluently, hosting numerous parties attracting a wide array of Washington dignitaries. A war hero in the post-Revolutionary War era, Decatur's name and image can be found throughout the city that bears his name. Who became a hero for burning a captured ship so the pirates could not use it? He led daring raids in the wars against the Barbary pirates along the northern coast of Africa, and . Decatur was the foremost American naval hero of the post-Revolutionary War era. Young Stephen also joined the Navy in 1798, as a Midshipman, and was active during the undeclared war with France over the next two years. The town of Decatur was founded in 1823 by order of the U.S. Congress and President James Monroe in honor of the renowned U.S. naval officer Commodore Stephen Decatur (1779-1820). Found inside – Page 87... Stephen Decatur , a young American naval officer , sailed a small boat into Tripoli harbor and set the Philadelphia on fire . Decatur became a hero for ... [118], During this segment of his life, Decatur's father, Stephen Decatur Sr., died in November 1808 at the relatively young age of 57, with his mother's death following the next year. In 1798, President John Adams appointed Stephen Decatur, Jr. a midshipman in the U.S. Navy, and Decatur initially served on the frigate USS United States under Commodore John Barry. His success restored American prestige and secured him a reputation of valor that followed him the rest of his life. Stephen Decatur: American Naval hero. Sailing across the Atlantic and back proved to be an effective remedy, and Decatur came home completely recovered. Unfortunately, he and his wife Susan only resided there for a mere 14 months, as Decatur was mortally wounded in a duel. [161], After bringing the government in Algiers to terms, Decatur's squadron set sail to Tunis and Tripoli to demand reimbursement for proceeds withheld by those governments during the War of 1812. In 1820 the community was renamed for the American Revolutionary War hero Stephen Decatur. [181] On the morning of the 22nd the dueling party assembled. The conference between the two seconds lasted three-quarters of an hour. [123] Intended to avoid war, the Embargo Act only compounded matters that led to war. Stephen Decatur Jr. (January 5, 1779 - March 22, 1820) USA. Three days later, after capturing Mandarin, Decatur separated from Rodgers and his squadron and with United States continued to cruise eastward. The captain of the Philadelphia, who was eventually released, was William Bainbridge. Found inside – Page 63Stephen Decatur became a hero at home for his actions against the Barbary pirates. Library of Congress. ----------------------- - A meeting of the Molly ... By an act of Congress on March 3, 1837, she was granted a pension retroactive to Decatur's death.[198]. It was soon discovered that the deserters were American citizens who had been impressed into the Royal Navy, and since the existing American treaty with Britain only pertained to criminal fugitives of justice, not deserters in the military, Barron accordingly also refused to turn them over. Six months later, Decatur returned to Tripoli Harbor as part of a larger American offensive and emerged as a hero again during the so-called "Battle of the Gunboats," a naval battle that saw . Barron struck the ship's colors[e] and surrendered his ship, whereupon she was boarded and the alleged deserters were taken into British custody. He became a national hero, and was promoted to captain. As the days passed, Tripoli showed no signs of surrender, which now prompted Preble to devise another plan. Stephen Decatur Jr. (/dɪˈkeɪtər/;[1] January 5, 1779 – March 22, 1820) was a United States naval officer and commodore. [170] In 1818, Decatur built a three-story red brick house in Washington on Lafayette Square, designed by the famous English architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe, the same man who designed the U.S. Capitol building and Saint John's Church. Decatur was a member of that court martial, which had found Barron guilty of "unpreparedness", barring him from command for five years. It was elaborate and well planned, brigs, schooners and bomb ketches coming into the attack at various stages. The letter was sent under a flag of truce but was in violation of orders, as after the loss of Chesapeake, Navy Secretary Jones forbade commanders from "giving or receiving a Challenge, to or from, an Enemy's vessel." In 1820 the community was renamed for the American Revolutionary War hero Stephen Decatur. [115] Chesapeake had just returned to Norfolk after repairs to damage incurred during the Chesapeake–Leopard affair. Lying wounded, Commodore Barron (who ultimately survived) declared that the duel was carried out properly and honorably and told Decatur that he forgave him from the bottom of his heart. [64] Because of Decatur's great successes in the War of 1812 and for his knowledge of and past experience at the Algerian port, Crowninshield chose him to command the lead ship in the naval squadron to Algiers. Armed with a cutlass Decatur deflected the lunge, breaking his own weapon at the hilt. He was an early American naval hero. At this point Decatur approached Heath with Perry's letter in hand, relating to Heath that Perry all along had no intention of returning fire and asking Heath if his honor had thus been satisfied. The latter was Mary, and the sons were Charles, Edward, and George, the last of whom became the famous Admiral of the American navy and the hero of the late war between our country and Spain. Decatur invested his share of reward money from the HMS Macedonian in real estate near the White House. Stephen Decatur Jr. was born in Sinnepuxent, Maryland to Stephen and Ann Pine Decatur. At this time there were two Tripolitan warships of sizable consequence berthed in Gibraltar's harbour, but their captains claimed that they had no knowledge of the war. Over 10,000 citizens of Washington and the surrounding area attended to pay their last respects to a national hero. In April, 1822 court was established and government set up in May. On May 24, 1813, the squadron departed New York. [86] When the fighting was over, 21 Tripolitans were dead with only three taken alive. While United States was undergoing repairs Decatur received orders to remain in Philadelphia to recruit and assemble a crew for the vessel. December 23, 2015, Next The squadron patrolled the waters off the American upper east coast until the end of August, their first objective being a British fleet reported to have recently departed from the West Indies. Decatur had just captured his first Tripolitan vessel and upon receiving the news turned command of his captured prize over to Lieutenant Jonathan Thorn and immediately set out to avenge his brother's treacherous injury. With the significant victory achieved with the burning of Philadelphia, Preble now had reason to believe that bringing Tripoli to peaceful terms was in sight. In 1816, Decatur was named to the Board of Naval Commissioners in Washington D.C. In those days, a supposed tonic for this condition was exposure to the salt air of the sea. A naval officer during the American Revolution, Decatur, Sr. had his son educated the Episcopal Academy in Philadelphia. On May 13, 1801, at the beginning of the war, Decatur was assigned duty aboard the frigate USS Essex to serve as the first lieutenant. Sailing south to Norfolk, Decatur oversaw the refitting of the ship. Stephen Decatur was born in Sinepuxent, Maryland, on 5 January 1779. Stephen Decatur was born in 1779 in Maryland and was raised in Philadelphia. Taking up his post, he had a home designed for him and his wife, Susan, by famed architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe. . Historic Points of Interest Homes are private residences - not open to public 1. [143] Decatur's command suffered 35 men killed and 70 wounded, including Decatur himself who was wounded by a large flying splinter.[142][144]. [151][153], The US was demanding the release of Americans held captive as slaves, an end of annual payments of tribute, and finally to procure favorable prize agreements. Found inside – Page 48It took its name from Barbary War and War of 1812 hero Stephen Decatur. In June of that year, ... Decatur became the youngest to make the rank of captain. Other notable naval commanders of the time: Smethurst, David (2009) Tripoli: The United States' First War on Terror (Google eBook), Random House LLC, p. 320, This page was last edited on 28 August 2021, at 09:19. Decatur had served on the court-martial that had found Barron guilty of "unpreparedness". While in Norfolk, Decatur encountered Captain John S. Garden of the new frigate HMS Macedonian. His intrepid heroism, leadership, and devotion to duty made him a perfect symbol of the aspirations of the growing nation. [53], On February 16, 1804, at seven o'clock in the evening under the dim light of a waxing crescent moon, Intrepid slowly sailed into Tripoli harbor. Stephen Decatur was born in Sinepuxent, Maryland, on 5 January 1779. Born to an immigrant Philadelphia family in 1779, Stephen Decatur became at age twenty-five the youngest man ever to serve as a captain in the U.S. Navy. [136] Democratic-Republicans (the then-future Democratic Party) immediately blamed the Federalists who were adamantly against the war from the beginning, and so here earned themselves the name "Blue-light Federalists". After returning to the United States in November 1815, Decatur was named to the Board of Naval Commissioners, headquartered in Washington. Upon closing with Chesapeake, Barron was hailed by the captain of Leopard and informed and a demand from Vice-Admiral Humphreys that Chesapeake be searched for deserters. Taken prisoner, Decatur and his men were transported to Bermuda where all learned that the war had technically ended in late December. With the cover of night helping to obscure the enemy gunfire, Intrepid and Syren made their way back to Syracuse, arriving February 18. The house was the first private residence to be built near the White House. As the two ships touched, Decatur stormed aboard Philadelphia with sixty men. [42], Following the Quasi-War, the U.S. Navy underwent a significant reduction of active ships and officers; Decatur was one of the few selected to remain commissioned. At a social gathering in April 1816, Decatur uttered an after-dinner toast that would become famous: Our country – in her intercourse with foreign nations, may she always be in the right, and always successful, right or wrong. Us fleet ever assembled Jérôme Bonaparte, brother to Napoleon, both the.: //www.thoughtco.com/war-of-1812-commodore-stephen-decatur-3866966 ( accessed September 17, 2021 ) settlement had `` been at! Page 48It took its name from Barbary War against North African pirates preying on U.S. ships suspected would... A saber blade Jesse Elliott, known for her beauty and intelligence among Norfolk and Washington.! 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