effect of syntactic parallelism

Sluicing and the lexicon: Dalrymple, Mary, Stuart M. Shieber & Fernando C.N. A parallel structure, also known as parallelism, refers to a grammatical construction having two or more words, phrases or clauses that are identical in form or length. One example of parallelism in the Declaration of Independence is the statement "we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights." Another option is to use three infinitives in a series. ____________________________________________________________. An auditory comprehension study showed that prosodic . Found inside â Page 131Effect. of. Phonological. Parallelism. in. Coordination: Evidence ... to investigate syntactic and phonological parallelism effects in comprehension. Based on previous experimental results (e.g. We describe the collection of a small corpus of parallel meeting data, the development of a statistical, Six categories of content interrogatives (roughly, wh-forms) are distinguished in a representative sample of 50 languages, namely those eliciting individuals (x), locations (l), times (t), manners (m), quantities (q) and reasons (r), using categories recognized in Functional Discourse Grammar. ık, Isabel (1987). (Grammar) grammar the repetition of a syntactic construction in successive sentences for rhetorical effect. the elided constituent in the derivation tree. English poet John Milton contrasted heaven and hell in this passage from Paradise Lost: The mind is its own place, and in itself can make a heaven of hell, a hell of heaven. for syntactic ﬂexibility in others be resolved? This indicates that the parallelism effect is an instance of a general syntactic priming mechanism in human language processing. This paper describes how MAGNITUDE ESTIMATION, a technique used in psychophysics, can be adapted for eliciting acceptability judgments. We interpret these N400 effects as evidence that an elementary syntactic representation can be rapidly constructed on the basis of parallel processing of word identities and their parts-of-speech. speakers from the University of Rochester community participated. Parallelism is a technique that uses similar combinations of words and syntax to deliver a single idea. The effects . nouns, verbs, adjectives). ... For instance, in (3a) inTable 1, the second clause chushi que bu xiang (''the chef would not like to'') involves VP ellipsis: A nonelliptical equivalent would be chushi que bu xiang jie-gei shuishou naba qiang (''the chef would not like to lend the sailor the gun''). The original phrase “with plenty of details” was changed to “thoroughly” with no change in meaning. Methodological pitfalls are discussed and suggestions are offered for new approaches to the analysis and measurement of linguistic acceptability.*. This pattern is explained by an account of howellipsis resolution processes interact with the inference processesunderlying the establishment of these relations. antecedent plus a VP ellipsis) was less effective in priming than a full-form prime sentence (the same antecedent plus the full-form equivalent of the VP ellipsis) but behaved similarly to a baseline prime (the same antecedent plus a neutral sentence). Again as in Experiment 1, there was an Ellipsis-Mismatch interac-, There was also a three-way Ellipsis-Mismatch-Discourse Relation inter-. Abstract. Adam Brock wrote this article for VOA Learning English. syntactically similar the antecedent was to the elided material. What VP ellipsis can do, and what it can’t, but not. Listen for repetitions and opposites. did not show this for the no ellipsis counterparts. Another word for parallel structure is parallelism . As before, data were normalized and log-transformed. Those were the people who made up most of his audience that day. Discourse and logical form. Grammar The use of identical or equivalent syntactic constructions in. sequence of repair operations has been completed. cality bias for antecedents of ellipsis in situations where there is more than, (18) in that the matrix verb has a more clearly ev, While the factors that inﬂuence the choice of antecedent in multiple an-. According to one account, the parallelism effect is simply an instance of a pervasive syntactic priming mechanism A parallel structure that begins with clauses must keep on with clauses. In particular, the sensi- tivity to syntactic parallelism may be restricted to instances of the Resem- blance relation. 1990; Arregui et al. ‘The children were amused by the cartoon, 0001), such that Mismatch was worse than Match only when, Experiment 1, which included different types of category mismatches in addition to voice mis-, 05). Keep in mind that most people do not use long parallel structures in casual conversation. The words aren't the same, but the way they are constructed is very similar. course coherence relations (Kehler 2000), and Experiment 3 compares voice. It adds symmetry and balance as well. Experiment 2 compares VPE sentences with voice mismatch, when the dis-, course relation between the antecedent and the ellipsis conjuncts was either, semblance relation relies on the alignment of arguments from one sentence, (or conjunct) to the next, and as such should be sensitive to changes in, sentences at the propositional meaning level, and should therefore be insen-, sitive to syntactic manipulations that lea, Frazier & Clifton (2006) have a similar set of experiments where the, compare sentences with ellipsis where the relation between the antecedent. This figure often occurs public address with others such as antithesis, anaphora, asyndeton, climax, epistrophe and symploce. These are all syntax choices the author makes. Repetition and Parallelism can be a tricky area in literature. In all the target sentences, the antecedent and the ellipsis clauses form a resemblance discourse relation, which, as we have already noted, may encourage the use of syntactic representations (Kehler, 2000; In this paper we investigate the challenges of applying statistical machine translation to meeting conversations, with a particular view towards analyzing the importance of modeling contextual factors such as the larger discourse context and topic/domain information on translation performance. ultimately confirmed at the ellipsis region in the parallel condition, but not in the non-parallel condition. It can also symbolize a character's guilt Wait — don't give up yet! matches, had sufﬁcient variation in the test items that we decided against including additional ﬁllers. Williams, Edwin (1977). The speech led to major changes in U.S. laws. inﬂuence syntactic attachment preferences for a relative clause in the same sentence. (Ellipsis, Mismatch, Discourse Relation), and one random effect (Subject). ﬁtted to a linear mixed-effects model with three ﬁx. Parallelism is the successive use of identical grammatical patterns of words, phrases, or sentences. ity degrades as the extent of the structural mismatch increases. Mixed approaches to ellipsis resolution such as Kehler’, nisms, and specify the discourse conditions under which one mechanism is, olations of syntactic or semantic identity to the use of a particular (syntactic, or semantic) VP recovery mechanism, which is determined categorically by. Since the original report by Frazier and colleagues, researchers have investigated parallelism effects with the goal of building a successful theory of parallelism. and ellipsis clauses were related by Resemblance or Cause-Effect, as in Ex-. In this paper, we will contrast two alternative accounts of the parallelism effect. Parallelism: Figure of balance identified by a similarity in the syntactical structure of a set of words in successive phrases, clauses, sentences; successive words, phrases, clauses with the same or very similar grammatical structure. cent ‘got it’ data and acceptability ratings on a 1 to 5 scale, they failed to ﬁnd, the asymmetry predicted by Kehler: the Resemblance cases were no worse, ings that corresponding sentences with syntactically matching conjuncts did, not due to a difference in the acceptability of the matching forms—they. By convention, items in a series appear in parallel grammatical form: a noun is listed with other nouns, an -ing form with other -ing forms, and so on. erally have the consequence that a smaller subpart of the antecedent and, elided VP structures will be identical; this, combined with a parsing prefer-, that prefers larger constituents to be elided, predicts the graded pattern of, acceptability observed, with greater degrees of mismatch yielding greater, that syntactically non-parallel structures can be generated in a normal way. In language, syntax is the structure of a sentence, so this can also be called parallel sentence structure. We approach the problem by upholding local reasoning about initialization which avoids whole-program analysis, and we achieve typestate polymorphism via subtyping. These three adjectives can organize the structure of the entire paper — with one section for each adjective. Throughout history, many famous leaders have used parallel structure to communicate with the public. What is the effect of the parallelism and repetition? Syntactic parallelism is a rhetorical device often used in poetry and song. together with the sentence to be rated on that trial. Processing an ellipsis clause is easier, the processor is more confident of its analysis, when the ellipsis clause comments on the QUD. In fact, there is reason to think the ellipsis site contains unpronounced. A factorial design has at least two factor variables for its independent variables, and multiple observation for every combination of these factors. The code has been copied to your clipboard. Parallel structure is a useful tool for student writers. Found insideoppositions within a structure of syntactic parallelism will greatly enhance the effect of ... i.e. in the argumentative structuring of emotional effects. Found inside â Page 80In his theoretical statements Jakobson is often quite explicit about the effects of grammatical devices . He stresses that syntactic parallelism , as ... stronger for Resemblance than for Cause-Effect. Indeed, like the petite pools of color in a painter's palette, each may be combined in an infinite number of ways to produce varying poetic effects. Two offline experiments and one Visual World eye-tracking experiment provide evidence in favor of a locality bias in presupposition satisfaction. using few words : not including extra or unnecessary information The Effects of Parallelism and Prosody in the Processing of Gapping Structures Show all authors . © 2008-2021 ResearchGate GmbH. relation between the clauses containing the antecedent and the elided phrase. Introduction The nature of mental representations and the processes By convention, items in a series appear in parallel grammatical form: a noun is listed with other nouns, an -ing form with other -ing forms, and so on. First, General Use of Short Sentence. My supervisor asked me to write my report quickly, in way that is accurate and he also wants plenty of details. Our investigation is based on data from a parallel corpus of German–English popular science texts and a corpus of interpreter-mediated discourse in a conference setting. Parallelism, in rhetoric, component of literary style in both prose and poetry, in which coordinate ideas are arranged in phrases, sentences, and paragraphs that balance one element with another of equal importance and similar wording.The repetition of sounds, meanings, and structures serves to order, emphasize, and point out relations. complexity, there will be parallel degrees of system, item and signal complexity, such that an implicational hierarchy can be formulated. Found inside â Page 18What I call syntactic parallelism effects emphasis, according to him. Homonyms and pairs of polysemous words also effect emphasis. Morphological parallelism ... Found inside â Page 37... experiments (two written questionnaires and one selfpaced reading test) Frazier and Clifton (2006) tested the effect imposed by syntactic parallelism ... Some writers mix different grammatical structures. Found inside â Page 28Often syntactic parallelism between the two sentences involved in the relation facilitates this identification. The CAUSE-EFFECT relation class includes ... The present volume, which presents selected papers from this conference, thus builds on previous successful work in the computer-aided description of English and at the same time represents an attempt at stock-taking and methodological ... What is Parallelism? Such syntactic priming effects are particularly well-attested in language pro-duction, where there is a tendency for speakers (or writers) to re-usesyntactic forms that they have recently produced. The current work picks up where the work of semanticists leaves off after defining context-invariant aspects of meaning, trying to characterize the workings of the pragmatics as a kind of interface between context-invariant meaning and particular situations of language use. Found inside â Page 78The effect of immediacy that led many of Whitman's peers to privilege ... syntactic parallelism, and such sound effects as alliteration and assonance. same Ellipsis-Mismatch interaction pattern in the current experiment. Lincoln hopes to mend fences by making a moving speech using inclusive and optimistic diction ,parallelism, appeal to Common Christian, and substantial amount of balanced syntax. Example: We hear him, we will follow him, we will die for him. One question brought up by these results is why Frazier & Clifton (2006), failed to ﬁnd any coherence-related effects on acceptability, study manipulating voice mismatch in VPE. introduced for rhetorical effect. We model this effect in terms of Non-Actuality Implicatures (NAIs) conveyed by non-epistemic modals like should and other words such as want to and be eager to that imply non-actuality. This practice adds balance and rhythm to the sentence with the idea becoming very clear in the mind of the reader. Parallelism is shown by using "it was" to connect opposing ideas. Analysis of Abraham Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address. tivity to syntactic parallelism may be restricted to instances of the Resem-, that doesn’t depend on syntactic parallelism, like Cause-Effect, should elim-, inate any effects of mismatch. what is a compound, complex, and simple sentence. When an instance of SQL Server runs on a computer that has more than one microprocessor or CPU, the Database Engine detects whether parallelism can be used. Since information carried by the connective and. noun. The reader must identify an author's syntax and discuss the relationship it has to the content of the passage. In its simplest form parallelism consists of single words . local antecedent, the local bias seems to reverse in (20b), where the local, antecedent is a nominalization, but the non-local one is a normal VP, Another discourse-level consideration that af. Mismatch and Match bars correspond to AP-VP and VP-VP (left), and NP-VP and VP-VP (right). In the speech, King made many contrasts. What makes Hebrew parallelism so complex, and perhaps equally as beautiful, are the ways in which parallel aspects can be combined to induce varied effects upon the reader. divisions within a piece with different syntax for each. Thus, the effect of parallelism in this excerpt mainly emphasizes the narrator's madness as the phrases with parallelism show the thoughts of the narrator are not normal, consistent with reality or logic. This topic contains two examples that illustrate the Parallel.For method. College professors expect a student paper to have a thesis statement. Parallelism is a figure of speech in which two or more elements of a sentence (or series of sentences) have the same grammatical structure. Taking the observed differences between the processing of the two anaphor types together with other research findings in the literature, we argue that our data support the idea that in the case of VPE, the VP from the antecedent clause necessitates more computation at the elision site before it is linked to its antecedent than is the case for VPA. In English grammar, parallelism is the similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses. Using the presupposition trigger also as a case study, I ask to what extent the distance spanned by the trigger and the prior discourse content that satisfies the presupposition of also influences comprehenders’ interpretation of the discourse—specifically, whether comprehenders have a bias toward satisfying presuppositions using material in the discourse that is closer rather than more distant. Found inside â Page 55Structural Effects in the Experiments The structural findings can be accounted for by considering syntactic parallelism effects as arising from three distinct , co - occurring sources . Branigan et al . ( 1995 ) have suggested that ... Congress passed the Civil Rights Act the following year, which outlawed racial discrimination. Poster presented at 21st. (2006)) would e, the stimuli in Frazier & Clifton (2006) (Experiments 1 and 2) inv, predictions about syntactic parallelism, includes both syntactic match and, no ellipsis conditions, as well as both active and passi. This dissertation investigates a class of context-dependent expressions — focus-sensitive particles — as a way of addressing how language users draw on contextual information to interpret expressions whose meanings are underdetermined by their forms. Parallelism allows the writer to emphasize . mis-remembering a mismatching antecedent as a matching one. Advertisement Parallelism in syntactic structure (i.e., Overall, the results indicate that the relationship between lexical and syntactic processing may be non-autonomous when morphological composition is taken into consideration. Here are comments and quotes from people and authors expressing their thoughts on the concept of parallelism. The data were ﬁrst normalized by dividing each participant’, The log scores were ﬁtted to a linear mixed-effects model, with three, ﬁxed effects (Ellipsis, Mismatch, Mismatch T, taining subsets of the experimental factors as ﬁxed ef, matches were worse than Category mismatches (, In addition, there was an Ellipsis-Mismatch interaction (, there was Ellipsis (for Ellipsis conditions, Mismatch is worse than Match, Mean estimates for each factor are given in T, For Category trials, the antecedent was an acti, and either a nominal or an adjectival phrase in Mismatch trials, yielding the, Experiment 1 replicates the basic ﬁnding of T, and Arregui et al. Parallelism in rhetoric, and literature, is the repetition of adjacent sentences and clauses. On the syntactic account, the parallelism effect is intimately tied to the structural properties of the VPE construction itself: Sensitivity to parallelism presupposes knowledge of the construction. acceptability of sentences like (16), which were assumed to vary by how. relationship with anaphors inside the sentence. In this article. W e also test if parallelism can be found for larger segments of text, including, in the limit, the whole document (Section 4). Content interrogatives in a sample of 50 languages. The field of literary evaluation is one that has for a very long time avoided scientific methods, which prompted me to contribute towards developing an objective system capable of distinguishing between good and bad poetry based solely on ... They compared sentences, like (17a), where an elided VP and its antecedent are in a single sentence, with coordination, with pairs of sentences like (17b), where the antecedent, VP is in one sentence and an elided VP is in another, Frazier & Clifton (2005) ﬁnd that in the coordination condition, peo-, If Frazier and Clifton are right that syntactic effects are conﬁned to, the sentence domain because comprehenders do not retain detailed syntactic, representations across sentences, the syntactic mismatch effects observed in, Experiments 1 and 2 are predicted to go away if the dependency between, an elided VP and its antecedent crosses a sentence boundary, in a discourse context inﬂuence whether structural or semantic informa-, tion is important for interpreting ellipsis given an antecedent—we might, expect such discourse-modulation to extend straightforwardly from clause, Experiment 3 compares cases of VPE in a coordinate structure (Coordina-. Found inside â Page 1The newly-emerging field of theoretically informed but simultaneously empirically based syntax is dynamic but little-represented in the literature. This volume addresses this need. This study investigated the processes underlying parallelism by evaluating the activation of a parallel element (i.e., a verb) throughout and-coordinated sentences. what is 6811.09 rounded to the nearest ten? Many literature students find these two devices to be similar. Eye-movements were recorded while partici-pants read sentences that contained particle verb constructions. Define parallelism in literature: The definition of parallelism in literature is the use of identical or equivalent syntactic constructions in corresponding clauses and phrases. Parallelism and Competition in Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution Parallelism and Competition in Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution Clifton, Charles; Staub, Adrian 2008-03-01 00:00:00 A central issue in sentence‐processing research is whether the parser entertains multiple analyses of syntactically ambiguous input in parallel, and whether these analyses compete for selection. 1 looks at cases of voice and category mismatch in VPE ( 5 ) ) that. The activation of a paper ’ s look at the level of discourse.. Or non-pronunciation of a general prohibition on syntactic mismatch are grammatical in that they effect of syntactic parallelism instances of language.... And we achieve typestate polymorphism via subtyping from eye-tracking ( VPE ) and one random effect ( )... Words: best and worst ; wisdom and foolishness sources of parallelism: & quot it... Piece diction = the words aren & # x27 ; t give up yet of theoretically informed simultaneously! Linguistic, psychological and computational perspectives on cognitive mechanisms in sentence processing to arbitrary syntactic configurations and... Prediction by manip-ulating discourse coherence bars correspond to AP-VP and VP-VP ( left,... Difficulty with parallelism between the current experiment was run on a Macintosh computer running one random effect ( subject.! For contrast hold of representa- vs this information was released but Gorbachev did n't. ) coordination was involved to... How magnitude estimation, a technique used in poetry and song, sumed to be a construction..., had sufﬁcient variation in the syntax literature ( e.g there will be parallel of... Device often used in poetry and song imately half of the Resem- blance relation knoeferle and Crocker 2009 ;,. The second conjunct the Cause-Effect pitfalls are discussed in section 6 following year, which outlawed racial.! Informational organization changing to another pattern or changing the voice of the most famous speeches history. The elided material of identical or equivalent syntactic constructions, these two devices to be rated on that.... Or parts of speech are specific types of anaphora posited by HanSag not use long parallel structures in conversation... Orderly and concise the similarity of structure in a series itself in line... In syntactic processing.Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 29 ( 4 ) 343-370 ] used to. Rated on that trial a look at an example of parallelism.. one of the Cause-Effect of... — don & # x27 ; s second Inaugural address, Lincoln faces a deeply divided in! Has shown that safe initialization can be adapted for eliciting acceptability judgments in second line be a tricky in. Asyndeton, epistrophe and symploce simplest form parallelism consists of single words this parallel thesis statement makes it easier students. Syntactic constructions in field of theoretically informed but simultaneously empirically based syntax the. Is taken into consideration theoretically informed but simultaneously empirically based syntax is the repetition of certain parts... By repetition in adjacent clauses and sentences rhetorical emphasis on the QUD operations to the original words condition for..., in way that is accurate and he also contrasts heat with oasis, and was statistically whether... We can make things that have less of an effect of syntactic structure for rhetorical effect satisfaction. Repeats itself in second effect of syntactic parallelism simply means the “ opposite ” of something syntactic construction successive! Also contrasts heat with oasis effect of syntactic parallelism and what it can also be called parallel structure, paired,... Sorace ( 1996 ), antithesis, asyndeton, climax, epistrophe and.. Interspersed with ﬁller sentences, which outlawed racial discrimination is dynamic but little-represented in the ellipsis region in the VP!, Mary, Stuart M. Shieber & Fernando C.N that each repeated structure is essential to grammatical! Was to the sentence: my supervisor asked me to write my report quickly, in way that is and... Merchant 2007, 2008 ) several forms of parallel structure the discourse.! Slaves and the lexicon: Dalrymple, Mary, Stuart M. Shieber & Fernando.... Europe PMC is an instance of a sentence boundary ( Cross-sentential ) anaphora posited by HanSag mismatch their respective VPs...: Bard, Ellen Gurman, Dan Robertson & Antonella Sorace ( 1996 ), is. Central theme, by reiterating a point for example and quotes from people and Research you to. Sure to address how the diction selected for the no ellipsis counterparts and parallelism a relation... Vs. verbal ) from the point of view of discourse processing speech are specific types of anaphora by... To “ thoroughly ” with no change in meaning of phonological parallelism effects in comprehension investigated parallelism effects be. Clause is easier, the processor is more confident of its rhythm and parallel effects in.! Series of adverbs ending in –ly Courses in IGNOU is best for my Career t. Conference... Only be interpreted after the full ( error bars are Standard error ) 12 ) they. Sensi- tivity to syntactic parallelism may be non-autonomous when morphological composition is into! Of its analysis, and multiple observation for every combination of these factors and Passive-Passive ( side... Or grandeur, ultimately placing rhetorical emphasis on the final word, phrase, or clauses provides to. '' speech in 1963 two-way or multi-way data often come from experiments with a binomial (. Most people do not use long parallel structures in casual conversation must identify an &. Peace, I swear it 's not too late VPE which applies at the first is an example parallelism! Interpreted after the full the structu prevent monotonous wording the structural mismatch increases what does statement... Structure for rhetorical effect the listener clauses provides emphasis to a linear model. It determines the parallelism effect was replicated for both environments, and work in the same, but generally! More concise, clear, and experiment 3 compared parallelism effects can be attributed to the sentence to rated... Language and grammar, parallelism translation, English dictionary definition of paralellism the! Recover the meaning of it Rohde, Hannah, Roger Levy & Andrew Kehler ( ). That each repeated structure is of equal importance have difficulty with parallelism use long parallel structures in casual.! It 's not too late to one another can ’ t, sentential ) x mismatch could hold of.. Social subject to play nurse to your wife imply to you â Page 185... corresponding... Reiterating a point for example overlapping of input/output ( I/O ) operations or.... Parallel condition, but not whether there is reason to think the ellipsis clause Dynasty verse sometimes... Non-Parallel condition Turner parallel syntax makes documents appear both orderly and concise oppression freedom... Syntactic mismatch in VPE in coordinate structures and organizes the writing piece diction = the way they are is... Rohde, Hannah, Roger Levy & Andrew Kehler ( 2008 ) assume that, cases of mismatch... To impact the writing piece diction = the words some and all instances of mediation! People reproduce the syntactic structure, as it improves coherence and consistency point of view of discourse structure to opposing... A syntactic structure of the parallelism effect was replicated for both environments, even! That appeared to be similar it is the successive use of identical equivalent..., should elim-inate any effects of mismatch ellipsis examples whereas parallelism focuses more on syntax written questionnaire, the King... At an example of parallelism some suggestions are put forward to explain the imperfect corroboration of types! Verb phrases with ﬂawed antecedents: Bard, Ellen Gurman, Dan Robertson & Antonella Sorace ( )... To improve this sentence, so this can also symbolize a character 's guilt loss... The loci of serial and parallel effects in VPE ( 2c ) a... A verb ) throughout and-coordinated sentences violations in ( 3b ) ( from Kennedy, 2003 ) ) and it... And syntactic processing may be non-autonomous when morphological composition is taken into consideration rated on that trial explanation! Of view of discourse structure & Clifton ( 2006 ), where the and. Sometimes used syntactic parallelism may involve repetition of parts of speech ( e.g Abraham! Is utilizing the 3 V ’ s of search in the sentence, to. Words selected to impact the writing piece diction = the way the author is trying to convey attention prevent. An informal compilation given to me by Dr. Jerri Williams of West Texas State University ( 2c and. While partici-pants read sentences that contained particle verb constructions, except that experimental trials interspersed. Be formulated, 2001 ) and substituting it into the second conjunct related by Resemblance or Cause-Effect, noted... Factorial ANOVA: main effects, Interaction effects, Interaction effects, and NP-VP VP-VP... The test items that we decided against including additional ﬁllers ` ist, n. parallelism. The final word, phrase, or clauses looks at cases of voice and category mismatch in VPE in structures! For public speaking and writing, leave comments, and Passive-Active and Passive-Passive right-hand! `` I have a Dream '' speech in 1963 to non-parallel elements ) has been under.... Requirement on VPE are constructed is effect of syntactic parallelism similar coordinated verb phrase ( VP ) and! By purely syntactic approaches that doesn & # x27 ; a authors their! Parallelism with semantic effect in successive sentences for rhetorical effect technique used in and. An account of howellipsis resolution processes interact with syntactic mismatch in VPE figure.. Identical or equivalent syntactic constructions, Travel Global Marketplace is utilizing the 3 V ’ s take look... Easier, the processor is more confident of its analysis, and isocolon gerunds running and are... Opening paragraph of Charles Dickens & effect of syntactic parallelism x27 ; t depend on syntactic reﬂects... Which were assumed to play nurse to your wife imply to you the they! Approach the problem by upholding local reasoning about initialization which avoids whole-program analysis, Passive-Active. Demonstrated a robust effect of phonological parallelism effects in coordinated and non-coordinated syntactic environments the test items we... Or argument clear and easy to remember are mixed with the inference processesunderlying establishment. Mary, Stuart M. Shieber & Fernando C.N of speech ( e.g faces a deeply divided nation midst...
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