On 24 April, he celebrated the Papal Inauguration Mass in St. Peter's Square, during which he was invested with the Pallium and the Ring of the Fisherman. [163], Prior to 2001, the primary responsibility for investigating allegations of sexual abuse and disciplining perpetrators rested with the individual dioceses. [278] During his trip to Australia for World Youth Day in 2008 the media reported that festival organizers lent the Pope a grey cat called Bella[279] to keep him company during his stay. In 2007, Benedict visited Brazil to address the Bishops' Conference there and canonize Friar Antônio Galvão, an 18th-century Franciscan. [180][181][182], Benedict XVI re-introduced several papal garments which had fallen into disuse. [133] On 9 May 2009, Benedict visited the King Hussein Mosque, Amman, Jordan where he was addressed by Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad. L’espérance n’est pas individualiste. As pope, one of Benedict XVI's main roles was to teach about the Catholic faith and the solutions to the problems of discerning and living the faith,[82] a role that he could play well as a former head of the Church's Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. He further said that "The Lord wins in the end. In January 2021, Benedict and Francis each received doses of a COVID-19 vaccine. "[137] The then President of Venezuela, Hugo Chávez demanded an apology, and an indigenous organisation in Ecuador issued a response which stated that "representatives of the Catholic Church of those times, with honourable exceptions, were accomplices, deceivers and beneficiaries of one of the most horrific genocides of all humanity. Roger Etchegaray, 87, the vice-dean of the College of Cardinals, fell also and suffered a hip fracture. [268] The Pope met with President Nguyễn Minh Triết on 11 December 2009. His habilitation (which qualified him for a professorship) was on Bonaventure. [39][40] Several of Benedict's former students became his confidantes, notably Christoph Schönborn, and a number of his former students sometimes meet for discussions. Benedict XVI was elected the 265th pope at the age of 78. In his message for the 50th anniversary of the founding of the International Atomic Energy Agency, he confirmed: "The Holy See, fully approving of the IAEA's goal, has been a member from the organisation's foundation and continues to support its activity."[273]. [84][85] He stressed that on this intimate friendship, "everything depends. For this I am deeply grateful to him, and as his brother in Christ I have taken up his fine work and added a few contributions of my own. [71] In October of the same year he canonized Jeanne Jugan, Jozef Damian de Veuster, Zygmunt Szczęsny Feliński, Francisco Coll Guitart and Rafael Arnáiz Barón. "[112] In June 2009, he blamed outsourcing for greater availability of consumer goods which lead to downsizing of social security systems. [131] Benedict apologised for any offence he had caused and made a point of visiting Turkey, a predominantly Muslim country, and praying in its Blue Mosque. The first half is said to have been written by Benedict in German, his first language, in the summer of 2005; the second half is derived from uncompleted writings left by his predecessor, Pope John Paul II. "The Holy See encourages bilateral or multilateral negotiations, convinced that the solution must be sought through peaceful means and in respect for agreements taken by all sides to obtain the denuclearisation of the Korean Peninsula." "Sexual orientation", the document said, was not equivalent to race or ethnicity, and it declared that it was "not unjust discrimination to take sexual orientation into account. [74] On 23 October 2011, Benedict XVI canonized three saints: a Spanish nun Bonifacia Rodríguez y Castro, Italian archbishop Guido Maria Conforti and Italian priest Luigi Guanella. He is also known to be fond of cats. He views relativism's denial of objective truth, and the denial of moral truths in particular, as the central problem of the 21st century. [75] In December 2011, Benedict formally recognized the validity of the miracles necessary to proceed with the canonizations of Kateri Tekakwitha, who would be the first Native American saint, Marianne Cope, a nun working with lepers in what is now the state of Hawaii, Giovanni Battista Piamarta, an Italian priest, Jacques Berthieu, a French Jesuit priest and African martyr, Carmen Salles y Barangueras, a Spanish nun and founder of the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception, Peter Calungsod, a lay catechist and martyr from the Philippines, and Anna Schäffer, whose desire to be a missionary was unfulfilled on account of her illness. The Lord will help us, and Mary, His Most Holy Mother, will be on our side. [280], In December 2012, the Vatican announced that Benedict XVI had joined social networking website Twitter, under the handle @Pontifex. [186] In May 2005 the Vatican announced that he had suffered another mild stroke. [146] However, the trip went ahead and Benedict made a joint declaration with Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I in an attempt to begin to heal the rift between the Catholic and Orthodox churches. He attended the elementary school in Aschau am Inn, which was renamed in his honour in 2009. In his footsteps I place my ministry in the service of reconciliation and harmony between peoples. Joseph Ratzinger, qui éprouve de fortes difficultés à se déplacer, quitte rarement sa retraite. As pope emeritus, Benedict retains the style of His Holiness and continues to dress in the papal colour of white. [43], On 24 March 1977, Ratzinger was appointed Archbishop of Munich and Freising. "[245], In 1992, he again approved CDF documents declaring that homosexual "inclination itself must be seen as an objective disorder" and extended this principle to civil law. Also in 2006, Benedict met Rowan Williams, Archbishop of Canterbury and spiritual head of the Anglican Communion. "[265] The Declaration also reiterates Benedict XVI's call for Europe to preserve its Christian roots. Frae Wikipedia, the free beuk o knawledge, https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pape_Benedict_XVI&oldid=810866, German preesoners o war in Warld War II held bi the Unitit States, Grand Crosses 1st cless o the Order o Meerit o the Federal Republic o Germany, Ludwig Maximilian Varsity o Munich alumni, Ludwig Maximilian Varsity o Munich faculty, Members o the Congregation for the Doctrine o the Faith, Members o the European Academy o Sciences an Airts, Pairteecipants in the Seicont Vatican Cooncil, Members o the Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science an Airt, Recipients o the Grand Decoration wi Sash for Services tae the Republic o Austrick, Roman Catholic Airchbishops o Munich an Freising, Wikipaedia airticles wi BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipaedia airticles wi CANTIC identifiers, Wikipaedia airticles wi CINII identifiers, Wikipaedia airticles wi MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipaedia airticles wi SELIBR identifiers, Wikipaedia airticles wi SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipaedia airticles wi SUDOC identifiers, Wikipaedia airticles wi Trove identifiers, Wikipaedia airticles wi WorldCat identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Despite the more secure setting, Benedict was victim to security risks several times inside Vatican City. [212], Benedict XVI attended the consistory for new cardinals in February 2015, greeting Francis at the beginning of the celebration. In his message, the Pope Emeritus referred to Meisner as a "passionate shepherd and pastor" who found it "difficult to leave his post". Un événement historique qui a laissé de nombreuses questions ouvertes. The last pope named Benedict was Benedict XV, an Italian who reigned from 1914 to 1922, during World War I (1914–1918). Continuing what he said in the pre-conclave Mass about what he often referred to as the "central problem of our faith today",[89] on 6 June 2005 Benedict also said: Today, a particularly insidious obstacle to the task of education is the massive presence in our society and culture of that relativism which, recognising nothing as definitive, leaves as the ultimate criterion only the self with its desires. According to a statement from the Vatican, the timing of the resignation was not caused by any specific illness but was to "avoid that exhausting rush of Easter engagements". Benedict's main arena for pastoral activity was the Vatican itself, his Christmas and Easter homilies and Urbi et Orbi are delivered from St Peter's Basilica. Ratzinger wrote an introduction to a 1996 reissue of Guardini's 1954 "The Lord".[35]. [77], On 7 October 2012, Benedict XVI named Hildegard of Bingen and John of Avila Doctors of the Church, the 34th and 35th individuals so recognised in the history of Christianity. This page was last edited on 11 February 2021, at 07:50. [206] In the monastery, the pope emeritus does not live a cloistered life, but studies and writes. In his 1968 book Introduction to Christianity, he wrote that the pope has a duty to hear differing voices within the Church before making a decision, and he downplayed the centrality of the papacy. The former pope also said that he had spoken on the telephone with Meisner the day before the latter died and related that Meisner was grateful to be on vacation after having been present for the beatification of Teofilius Matulionis in Vilnius. The canonizations were part of a Mass that marked the conclusion of the General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops and the Year of the Eucharist. He is the oldest person to have been elected pope since Pope Clement XII (1730–1740). During his inaugural Mass, the previous custom of every cardinal submitting to the Pope was replaced by having twelve people, including cardinals, clergy, religious, a married couple and their child, and newly confirmed people, greet him. The letter condemned a liberal interpretation of the earlier CDF document Declaration on Certain Questions Concerning Sexual Ethics, which had led to a "benign" attitude "to the homosexual condition itself". The intellectual affinity between these two thinkers, who would later become decisive figures for the twentieth-century Church, was preoccupied with rediscovering the essential in Christianity: Guardini wrote his 1938 "The Essence of Christianity," while Ratzinger penned "Introduction to Christianity", three decades later in 1968. Bishop Bernard Fellay, superior general of the SSPX, expressed "deep gratitude to the Sovereign Pontiff for this great spiritual benefit". This page wis last eeditit on 21 October 2020, at 15:05. I ask him to help us all to hold firm to the centrality of Christ in our Christian life: May Christ always take first place in our thoughts and actions![60]. This was not always met with approval in the Vatican". Après avoir été le premier pape à démissionner en sept siècles, l'Allemand est devenu vendredi 4 septembre 2020, à 93 ans, le plus vieux pape de l'Histoire. Benedict XVI made his first public appearance after his resignation at St. Peter's Basilica on 22 February 2014 to attend the first papal consistory of his successor Francis. [179], In November 2020, the Vatican published a report blaming not only Pope John Paul II, but also Benedict for allowing defrocked former Cardinal Theodore McCarrick to rise in power despite the fact that they both knew of sex abuse allegations against him. [65], Unlike his predecessor, Benedict XVI delegated the beatification liturgical service to a Cardinal. "[55][56] On 19 April 2005, he was elected on the second day after four ballots. "[128], The passage originally appeared in the Dialogue Held with a Certain Persian, the Worthy Mouterizes, in Anakara of Galatia[129][130] written in 1391 as an expression of the views of the Byzantine emperor Manuel II Paleologus, one of the last Christian rulers before the Fall of Constantinople to the Muslim Ottoman Empire, on such issues as forced conversion, holy war, and the relationship between faith and reason. [47], Ratzinger's 2001 letter De delictis gravioribus clarified the confidentiality of internal church investigations, as defined in the 1962 document Crimen Sollicitationis, into accusations made against priests of certain crimes, including sexual abuse. He had served there as a professor of theology before becoming Pope, and his lecture was entitled "Faith, Reason and the University—Memories and Reflections". It had not been seen since the pontificate of Pope John XXIII (1958–1963). Rarely used by John Paul II, it was more widely worn by his predecessors. [208] He then made an appearance at the canonization mass of Pope John XXIII and Pope John Paul II, greeting the cardinals and Francis. Benedict XVI remained there for two weeks. Of these, only he and William Wakefield Baum took part in the conclave. [168][169], One of the cases Ratzinger pursued involved Father Marcial Maciel Degollado, a Mexican priest and founder of the Legion of Christ, who had been accused repeatedly of sexual abuse. [248], During a 2012 Christmas speech,[252] the pope made remarks about the present-day interpretation of the notion of "gender". On 6 September 2006, the Pope began wearing the red cappello romano (also called a saturno), a wide-brimmed hat for outdoor use. He was viewed during the time of the council as a reformer, cooperating with theologians like Hans Küng and Edward Schillebeeckx. Le Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, le Pape Benoît XVI, est né à Marktl am Inn, dans le diocèse de Passau (Allemagne), le 16 avril 1927 (Samedi saint); il a été baptisé le jour même. [239], In 2005, the pope listed several ways to combat the spread of HIV, including chastity, fidelity in marriage and anti-poverty efforts; he also rejected the use of condoms. Supreme Order of Christ, Order of the Golden Spur, Order of Pius IX, Equestrian Order of St. Gregory the Great and the Order of St. Sylvester. The asteroid 8661 Ratzinger was named in his honor for the role he played in supervising the opening of Vatican archives in 1998 to researchers investigating judicial errors against Galileo and other medieval scientists. His mother's family was originally from South Tyrol (now in Italy). Prior to becoming pope, he was "a major figure on the Vatican stage for a quarter of a century"; he had an influence "second to none when it came to setting church priorities and directions" as one of John Paul II's closest confidants. Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger was born on 16 April, Holy Saturday, 1927, at Schulstraße 11, at 8:30 in the morning in his parents' home in Marktl, Bavaria, Germany. He is the third and youngest child of Joseph Ratzinger Sr., a police officer, and Maria Ratzinger (née Peintner); his grand-uncle was the German priest-politician Georg Ratzinger. [225], On 13 January 2020, Benedict published a book expressing his view that the Church must maintain its discipline of clerical celibacy, in light of ongoing debate on the issue.[226]. The Pope travelled to New York where he addressed the United Nations General Assembly. He condemned the prevalent economic system "where the pernicious effects of sin are evident," and called on people to rediscover ethics in business and economic relations. [160][161], In his homily, Benedict forgave Susanna Maiolo[162] and urged the world to "wake up" from selfishness and petty affairs, and find time for God and spiritual matters. [274] His favorite composer is Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, of whose music he said: "His music is by no means just entertainment; it contains the whole tragedy of human existence. Benoît est toujours pape January 1, 2020 Editor Le but de cette vidéo est de fournir une démonstration claire et irréfutable que le pape Benoît XVI n’a pas renoncé de manière valide à l’office de la papauté en février 2013 et qu’il est donc toujours le pape. In August 2014, Benedict XVI celebrated Mass at the Vatican and met with his former doctoral students, an annual tradition he has kept since the 1970s. The Vatican is also the only regular place where Benedict XVI traveled via motor without the protective bulletproof case common to most popemobiles. At the same time, he supported the peaceful use of nuclear energy as a tool for development and the fight against poverty. [23] As Cardinal Ratzinger he was known (according to former neighbours) to look after stray cats in his neighbourhood. At the conclusion of his first homily as pope, Benedict referred to both Jesus Christ and John Paul II. The Pape in parteecular emphasizes the need for Europe tae tak back whit he sees as it's vailyies, acause o the increasin secularisation o maist o the Wastren Warld. Additionally, I recall Saint Benedict of Nursia, co-patron of Europe, whose life evokes the Christian roots of Europe. He wis electit on 19 Aprile 2005, in a papal conclave that he moderated ower in his capacity as dean o the College o Cardinals. [185] A few days later an unconfirmed rumor emerged that Benedict had undergone an operation in preparation for an eventual bypass operation, but this rumor was only published by a small left-wing Italian newspaper and was never confirmed by any Vatican insider. "[116], Critics have accused Benedict's papacy of insensitivity towards Judaism. Mariano de la Mata was beatified in November 2006 and Rosa Eluvathingal was beatified 3 December of that year, and Fr. French Cardinal Philippe Barbarin said that since the first stroke Ratzinger had been suffering from an age-related heart condition, for which he was on medication. Prime Minister of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, said that the Pope told him in their meeting that while the Vatican seeks to stay out of politics it desires Turkey's membership in the EU. On 25 May 1914, della Chiesa was created a cardinal, becoming Cardinal-Priest of the titulus Santi Quattro Coronati, which before him was occupied by Pietro Respighi. [234][235][236][237][238], Before 1 March 2006, the list of titles also used to contain that of a "Patriarch of the West", which traditionally appeared in that list of titles before "Primate of Italy". Le pape Benoit XVI homosexuel? Benedict travelled extensively during the first three years of his papacy. Prophets of their age who spoke truth with wisdom and clarity, these two holy men radiate a rare innocence and purity to all who read them. [194] At the age of 85 years and 318 days on the effective date of his retirement, he was the fourth-oldest person to hold the office of pope. [23], On 4 September 2020, Benedict XVI became the longest-lived pope, 93 years, 4 months, 16 days, surpassing Leo XIII, who died in 1903.[24]. [69] In October 2008, the following canonizations took place: Saint Alphonsa of India,[70] Gaetano Errico, Narcisa de Jesus Martillo Moran and Maria Bernarda Bütler. It appears that Javascript is disabled in your browser, so many features will not function correctly. Benedict also said he would appoint a special commission to examine the Legionaries' constitution and open an investigation into its lay affiliate Regnum Christi. "Mozart: Catholic, Master Mason, favorite of the pope, Pope Benedict XVI, Mozart and the Quest of Beauty, "Pope rock: Benedict sings on album – World news – Europe – The Vatican – NBC News", "Did the Aussies give the pope a cat for company? And under the semblance of freedom it becomes a prison for each one, for it separates people from one another, locking each person into his or her own ego. Le pape émérite Benoît XVI en visite en Allemagne au chevet de son frère. After his resignation, Benedict XVI retained his papal name rather than reverting to his birth name. In particular, Dominus Iesus, published by the congregation in the jubilee year 2000, reaffirmed many recently "unpopular" ideas, including the Catholic Church's position that "Salvation is found in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given to men by which we must be saved." In 1986 the CDF sent a letter to all bishops entitled: On the Pastoral Care of Homosexual Persons. The ceremony took place on Tuesday, 21 October 2014 during the opening of the academic year. [149], In April 2008, Benedict XVI made his first visit to the United States since becoming pope. Will Ratzinger's past trump Benedict's present? Benedict XVI resumed the use of the traditional red papal shoes, which had been used since Roman times by popes but which had fallen into disuse during the pontificate of Pope John Paul II. [29] Ratzinger then trained in the German infantry. [96], The encyclical contains almost 16,000 words in 42 paragraphs. Le pape aboutit à la nécessité de l’action commune dans la société, d’où la référence à l’œuvre de Henri de Lubac, Catholicisme. In 2001, Ratzinger convinced John Paul II to put the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in charge of all investigations and policies surrounding sexual abuse to combat such abuse more efficiently. The move was unexpected. [105], On 7 July 2007, Benedict XVI issued the motu proprio Summorum Pontificum, declaring that upon "the request of the faithful", celebration of Mass according to the Missal of 1962 (commonly known as the Tridentine Mass), was to be more easily permitted. "[137] The Pope continued, stating that "the proclamation of Jesus and of his Gospel did not at any point involve an alienation of the pre-Columbus cultures, nor was it the imposition of a foreign culture. [50] Later, as pope, he was accused in a lawsuit of conspiring to cover up the molestation of three boys in Texas, but sought and obtained diplomatic immunity from liability. As pope, Benedict was Grand Master of the following orders: Benedict XVI to witness the beatification of Albino Luciani, "Letter No. The letter provides long-requested guidance to Chinese bishops on how to respond to illicitly ordained bishops, as well as how to strengthen ties with the Patriotic Association and the Communist government. Ce jour-là, Benoît XVI surprend le monde entier en annonçant sa renonciation au trône de Pierre. [170], In March 2010, the Pope sent a Pastoral Letter to the Catholic Church in Ireland addressing cases of sexual abuse by Catholic priests to minors, expressing sorrow, and promising changes in the way accusations of abuse are dealt with. He took as his episcopal motto Cooperatores Veritatis (Co-workers of the Truth) from 3 John 8, a choice he comments upon in his autobiographical work, Milestones. World Coins / Vatican, Pape Benoit XVI, 5 Euro, Journée mondiale de la Paix, 2007, Javascript must be enabled for VCoins to work properly. News Visite symbolique du pape à la synagogue de Cologne 19/08/2005 - 17h14 par Philip Pullela et Tom Heneghan COLOGNE, Allemagne (Reuters) - Au cours d'une visite hautement symbolique dans la principale synagogue de Cologne, Benoît XVI a exhorté son auditoire à faire barrage à "l'idéologie folle et raciste" qui a conduit au génocide des Juifs. [27] Following his 14th birthday in 1941, Ratzinger was conscripted into the Hitler Youth—as membership was required by law for all 14-year-old German boys after March 1939[28]—but was an unenthusiastic member who refused to attend meetings, according to his brother. The new Blesseds were Mother Marianne Cope and Mother Ascensión Nicol Goñi. On the Pastoral Care of Homosexual Persons clarified that the Church's position on homosexuality was that "although the particular inclination of the homosexual person is not a sin, it is a more or less strong tendency ordered toward an intrinsic moral evil; and thus the inclination itself must be seen as an objective disorder. Although the encyclical is officially the work of Francis, paragraph 7 of the encyclical explicitly expresses Francis' debt to Benedict: "These considerations on faith — in continuity with all that the Church's magisterium has pronounced on this theological virtue — are meant to supplement what Benedict XVI had written in his encyclical letters on charity and hope. In 1969, he returned to Bavaria, to the University of Regensburg and co-founded the theological journal Communio, with Hans Urs von Balthasar, Henri de Lubac, Walter Kasper and others, in 1972. [227], Benedict became the longest-lived pope on 4 September 2020 at 93 years, 141 days, surpassing the age of Pope Leo XIII. In addition to his travels within Italy, Benedict XVI made two visits to his homeland, Germany, one for World Youth Day and another to visit the towns of his childhood. Benedict XVI demittit as Pape on 28 Februar 2013, in the first papal demission syne 1415, an wis succeedit bi Pape Francis on 13 Mairch. "[247][248][249], LGBT groups such as the Italian Arcigay and German LSVD have announced that they found the pope's comments homophobic. After a long career as a professor of theology at several German universities, he was appointed Archbishop of Munich and Freising and Cardinal by Pope Paul VI in 1977, an unusual promotion for someone with little pastoral experience. "[256], Benedict also promoted various UN events, such as World Refugee Day, on which he offered up special prayers for refugees and called for the international community to do more to secure refugees' human rights. In June 2020, Benedict visited his dying brother Georg in Germany for the last time. August 2020. Rome: Pope Luciani soon beatified, also Ratzinger has testified in his favor, but he lacks miracles. [48] For 20 years, Ratzinger had been the man in charge of enforcing the document. [230] Moreover, according to the 1983 Code of Canon Law he is also Bishop Emeritus of Rome, retaining the sacred character received at his ordination as a bishop and receiving the title of emeritus of his diocese; although he doesn't use this style.